In the event that the health authorities announce a new period of confinement due to the evolution of
the health crisis caused by COVID-19, the teaching staff will promptly communicate how this may effect
the teaching methodologies and activities as well as the assessment.
Welcome to the structure and function course about our five senses. Ear, smell, taste, vision and touch allow us to interact with the environment, through processes that are found in tissues and organs with an unique anatomy and physiology. Thanks to this subject, in addition to acquiring medical knowledge, we will prepare you for the next courses. Nobody of the professors that we have considered his career to be medical and for illustrated treatments for all the contents with clinical cases, that present one of us in the usual practice.
In the event that the health authorities decree a new period of confinement due to the evolution of the health crisis caused by COVID-19, the teaching staff will communicate the possible effects on the methodologies and training activities, and also on the evaluation systems.
Objectives
General objective
Transmit students intellectual knowledge, skills and attitudes that allow to know the anatomy, histology and physiology of the sense organs.
Specific objectives
The student must acquire the necessary knowledge about:
General anatomy and physiology of the skin and skin annexes.
Functions of the skin, mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors.
Principles of anatomical and physical optics
Visual acuity and how to measure it.
General anatomy and physiology of the eyeball and the annexes, with the corresponding relationships with other areas.
Humoral system of the eye: intraocular pressure.
General anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle and inner ear.
Conduction of the sound.
Vestibular system and balance.
Central neurophysiology of hearing.
General anatomy and physiology of the taste system.
Primary sensations of taste and transmission of signals to the central nervous system.
General anatomy and physiology of the smell system.
Olfactory membrane and transmission of signals to the central nervous system.
Histology of the sense organs.
Competencies
07 - Understand and recognise normal structure and function of the human body at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ and systemetic levels, at different stages of life and in both sexes.
09 - Understand and recognize the effects, mechanisms and manifestations of disease on the structure and function of the human body.
10 - To understand and recognise the agents and risk factors which determine health status, and learn how they determine the symptoms and natural development of acute or chronic diseases in individuals and populations.
11 - Understand and recognize the effects of growth, development and aging on the individual and their social environment.
12 - Understanding the foundations for action, the indications and efficacy of therapeutic interventions, based on available scientific evidence.
CTP-2 - To develop a perception and understanding of their own emotions and those of others, as well as the intelligence adjust answers.
CTP-3 - To develop critical thinking and reasoning as well as self-assessment skills.
Learning outcomes
After completing the course, the student will know the characteristics of the skin and organs have variables and ability to establish relationships between them. In addition, will have specific skills to carry out basic functional studies of these bodies and to argue in writing the performance of human behavior to real or simulated patients.
Syllabus
Part I. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN.
Item 1. Skin: general, topographic organization. Epidermis: epidermal layers and cell types. Dermis and hypodermis. Vascularization and innervation of the skin.
Item 2. Skin appendages. Sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. The hair and pods. Sebaceous glands and hair erector. Nails. Repair and regeneration of the skin.
Item 3. Skin functions. Psychophysics of mechanoreception skin. Mechanosensors skin. Psychophysics of termorrecepción. Thermosensors.
Item 5. Physical principles of optics: Refraction of light. Focal length of a lens. Measuring the refractive power of a lens. Optics of the eye: mechanism of accommodation, pupil diameter, refractive errors. Humoral system of the eye: intraocular pressure.
Item 6. And receiving function of the neural retina. Photochemistry of vision: visual cycle, adaptation to light and dark, color vision. Retinal nerve function.
Item 7. Central neurophysiology of vision. Visual cortex function, stimulation patterns during the analysis of the visual image. Visual fields. Eye movements and their control. Autonomous control of accommodation and pupillary opening.
Part III. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EAR.
Item 8. External ear structure. Structure of the middle ear: tympanic membrane and ossicles. Eustachian tube and middle ear ventilation. Exploration anatomical ear
Item 9. Structure of the inner ear labyrinth and membranous bone above. Driving the sound from the eardrum to the cochlea. Transmission of sound waves in the cochlea. Function of the organ of Corti. Central Neurophysiology of hearing.
Item 10. Structure of inner ear membranous labyrinth and back bone. Vestibular and balance system. Afferent and efferent systems
Part IV. THE CHEMICAL SENSES: TASTE AND SMELL
Item 11. Olfactory membrane. Stimulation of olfactory cells. Transmission odor signals to the CNS.
Item 12. Primary sensations of taste. Calículo taste and function. Transmission of taste signals to the CNS. Gustatory preference and the control diet.
Item 13. Summary of the anatomy and physiology of the cranial nerves of the organs of the senses.
Part V. HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN AND ORGANS OF THE SENSES