Subject

Biomedical Instrumentation

  • code 12485
  • course 2
  • term Semester 1
  • type OB
  • credits 6

Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

Timetable
group M
 Sem.1  TU 10:00 12:00 P2A02
 Sem.1  TH 11:00 13:00 P2A02

Teaching staff

Head instructor

Dr. Alejandro Ernesto PORTELA - aeportela@uic.es

Office hours

A face-to-face meeting with the teacher can be arranged by writing an email.

Introduction

In the event that the health authorities announce a new period of confinement due to the evolution of the health crisis caused by COVID-19, the teaching staff will promptly communicate how this may effect the teaching methodologies and activities as well as the assessment.

This subject will provide the principles of operation of the most frequently used electronic instruments in the medical field, whether in a hospital environment, dental clinic and physiotherapy rehabilitation room.

Notions of the general safety standards for equipment used in medical practice will also be given, in addition to the particular standards of each equipment.

Pre-course requirements

Be studying fundamentals and electronic systems

Objectives

  • Obtain an overview of the principles and measurement methods used in biomedical equipment.
  • Estimate uncertainty in the measurement of physiological variables.
  • Provide examples of monitoring, diagnosis, therapy and replacement equipment in different medical areas (medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, dentistry ..).
  • Give criteria to understand and critically analyze the specifications of biomedical equipment.
  • Know how to value different technological alternatives and be able to develop ideas of new electronic instruments with medical application.

Competencies

  • CB1 - Students must demonstrate that they have and understand knowledge in an area of study based on general secondary education. This knowledge should be of a level that, although based on advanced textbooks, also includes some of the cutting-edge elements from their field of study.
  • CB2 - Students must know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional way and have the competences that are demonstrated through the creation and defence of arguments and the resolution of problems within their field of study.
  • CB3 - Students must have the ability to bring together and interpret significant data (normally within their area of study) and to issue judgements that include a reflection on important issues that are social, scientific or ethical in nature.
  • CE13 - To identify, understand and use the principles behind electronics, sensors, air conditioners and systems that acquire biomedical signals
  • CE17 - To be able to identify the engineering concepts that can be applied in the fields of biology and health.
  • CG3 - To be able to learn new methods and theories and be versatile so as to adapt to new situations.
  • CG4 - To resolve problems based on initiative, be good at decision-making, creativity, critical reasoning and communication, as well as the transmission of knowledge, skills and prowess in the field of Bioengineering
  • CT3 - To know how to communicate learning results to other people both verbally and in writing, and well as thought processes and decision-making; to participate in debates in each particular specialist areas.
  • CT5 - To use information sources in a reliable manner. To manage the acquisition, structuring, analysis and visualisation of data and information in your specialist area and critically evaluate the results of this management.

Learning outcomes

Students at the end of the course may:

  • Understand all the areas where a biomedical engineer can work
  • From these areas, see which electronic devices can be found and their basic functionalities
  • Be able to calculate the basic parameters of the measuring instruments as well as to be able to make a classification of these devices
  • Understand the health risks that these devices behave and be able, at the time of designing, to take into account all the requirements to be safety to public health.

Syllabus

Block 1: Basic concepts of biomedical instrumentation.

- Basic definitions

- General structure of a measurement system

- Main human physiological parameters: range and typical values

- Historical review-Classification of biomedical instrumentation

Block 2: Basic sensors and transducers in biomedicine.

- Electrobiological phenomena

- Biomedical electrodes: Equivalent circuit and electrode behavior

Block 3: Diagnostic equipment, monitoring and replacement. Classification by systems

- Cardiovascular system

  • Blood pressure measurements
  • Measures of flow, flow and cardiac output
  • Auscultation and sonocardiography
  • ECG
  • Blood gas measurements
  • Defibrillator and / or cardioverter
  • Cardiac stimulation, pacemaker

- Respiratory system

  • Respiratory flow and respiratory volume
  • Spirometry, rhinometry, impedance plethysmography and impedance cardiography
  • Oximetry, capnographers
  • Temporary replacement systems: Respirators

- Neurological system

  • Brain biopotentials: EEG
  • Magnetoencephalography
  • Brain stimulation: electroshock

 - Renal System

  • Hemodialysis: block diagram
  • Ultrafiltration
  • Safety systems: hemoglobin and air detection
  • Dialysis system, reverse osmosis

- Muscular system

  • EMG

- Digestive system and excretor

  • Electrogastrogram
  • Esophageal Motility Analyzers
  • Urodynamic analyzers

Block 4: Surgery and Therapy Equipment

 - Anesthesiology

  • Anesthesia and analgesia
  • Deputy Minister Modes
  • Control parameters
  • Anesthetic gases and supply by respirators
  • Open, closed and semi-closed systems
  • Monitoring of anesthetized gases and brain planes
  • Intravenous anesthesia
  • Anesthetic gas evacuation systems

 - Surgery

  • Scalping vs electro-scalpel, ultrasonic scalpel
  • Electrocautery
  • Cardiac ablation
  • Laser applications
  • Lithotripsy
  • Return failures
  • Isolated output vs ground reference output
  • Electromagnetic interference
  • Flammable or explosive substances

 - Neonatology

  • Premature baby
  • Controlled environment
  • Incubators, servocunas and radiant incubators
  • Typical circuits

 - Clinical analysis

  • Generalities: concept, processes, samples that are analyzed
  • Minimum equipment according to the specialty
  • accessories
  • Minimum personal protection equipment

 - Physiotherapy

  • Electromagnetic field effects in the human body
  • Shortwave and microwave equipment
  • Electromagnetoreapia
  • Ultrasound effects on the human body
  • Phototherapy: laser equipment
  • Energy dosimetry
  • Electrostimulation: iontophoresis, electroanalgesia, other uses and equipment

 - Odontology

  • Instrumental endodontics and periodontics: Apical locator, Micromotor, Electronic periodontal probe
  • General dentistry: Intraoral photography, Turbine, contra-angle and handpiece, Cavitrón
  • X-ray instruments: Sensor, Orthopantomography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
  • Implants and prostheses: Osstell, Intraoral Scanner
  • Surgeries: Electric scalpel, Micromotor

Block 5: Safety of electrical equipment

- Physiological effects of electric current

- Macroshock, microshock

- Associated risks, factors that increase the risks

- Standards, general concepts

- Applicable standards according to measurement system (respiratory, cardiovascular, anesthesia, renal, neonatology ...)

Teaching and learning activities


In blended

The bibliographic revision will be assigned by groups of students employing the basic literature of the course.

The different assigned topics will be discussed online in class, promoting the discussion with examples from clinical practice.

The principles of operation of cardiac resuscitation devices and continuous patient monitoring will be covered during online sessions.

The face-to-face sessions will be coordinated with partial groups to allows students accessing practical activities where they can learn about the practical operation of the most common medical equipment in clinical practice.

Evaluation systems and criteria

Bibliography and resources

 

 



 

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:

  • E1 14/01/2021 12:00h P2A02
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